HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS Ineffectiveness of Over-the-Counter Total-Release Foggers Against the Bed Bug (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

Field-collected bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) showed little, if any, adverse effects after 2-h direct exposure to the aerosolized pyrethroid(s) from three over-the-counter total-release foggers (Ôbug bombsÕ or ÔfoggersÕ); Hotshot Bedbug and Flea Fogger, Spectracide Bug Stop Indoor Fogger, and Eliminator Indoor Fogger. One Þeld-collected population, EPM, was an exception in that therewas signiÞcantmortality at 5Ð7 dwhenbugs out in the openhadbeen exposed to the Spectracide Fogger; mortality was low when these bugs had access to an optional harborage, a situation observed for all Þeld-collected populations when exposed to the three foggers. Even the Harlan strain, the long-term laboratorypopulation that is susceptible topyrethroids and that servedas an internal control in these experiments, was unaffected if the bugs were covered by a thin cloth layer that provided harborage. In residences and other settings, the majority of bed bugs hide in protected sites where they will not be directly contracted by the insecticide mist from foggers. This study provides the Þrst scientiÞc data supporting the position that total-release foggers should not be recommended for control of bed bugs, because 1) many Þeld-collected bed bugs are resistant to pyrethroids, and they are not affected by brief exposure to low concentrations of pyrethrins and/or pyrethroids provided by foggers; and 2) there isminimal, if any, insecticide penetration into typical bed bug harborage sites. This study provides strong evidence that Hotshot Bedbug and Flea Fogger, Spectracide Bug Stop Indoor Fogger, and Eliminator Indoor Fogger were ineffective as bed bug control agents.